BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT, MARKETING, AND RELATED SUPPORT SERVICES

Business Administration and Management, General.

A program that generally prepares individuals to plan, organize, direct, and control the functions and processes of a firm or organization. Includes instruction in management theory, human resources management and behavior, accounting and other quantitative methods, purchasing and logistics, organization and production, marketing, and business decision-making.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Sales Managers

• Administrative Services Managers

• Facilities Managers

• Industrial Production Managers

• Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers

• Compensation and Benefits Managers

• Human Resources Managers

• Training and Development Managers

• Construction Managers

• Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling

• Social and Community Service Managers

• Personal Service Managers, All Other

• Managers, All Other

• Cost Estimators

• Human Resources Specialists

• Logisticians

• Project Management Specialists

• Management Analysts

• Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

• Business Operations Specialists, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Purchasing, Procurement/Acquisitions and Contracts Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage and/or administer the processes by which a firm or organization contracts for goods and services to support its operations, as well as contracts it to sell to other firms or organizations. Includes instruction in contract law, negotiations, buying procedures, government contracting, cost and price analysis, vendor relations, contract administration, auditing and inspection, relations with other firm departments, and applications to special areas such as high-technology systems, international purchasing, and construction.

Connected Careers

• Administrative Services Managers

• Facilities Managers

• Purchasing Managers

• Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes

• Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage and coordinate all logistical functions in an enterprise, ranging from acquisitions to receiving and handling, through internal allocation of resources to operations units, to the handling and delivery of output. Includes instruction in acquisitions and purchasing, inventory control, storage and handling, just-in-time manufacturing, logistics planning, shipping and delivery management, transportation, quality control, resource estimation and allocation, and budgeting.

Connected Careers

• Industrial Production Managers

• Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers

• Logisticians

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Office Management and Supervision.

A program that prepares individuals to supervise and manage the operations and personnel of business offices and management-level divisions. Includes instruction in employee supervision, management, and labor relations; budgeting; scheduling and coordination; office systems operation and maintenance; office records management, organization, and security; office facilities design and space management; preparation and evaluation of business management data; and public relations.

Connected Careers

• Administrative Services Managers

• First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

Operations Management and Supervision.

A program that prepares individuals to manage and direct the physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization, particularly those relating to development, production, and manufacturing. Includes instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance management, production control, industrial labor relations and skilled trades supervision, strategic manufacturing policy, systems analysis, productivity analysis and cost control, and materials planning.

Connected Careers

• Facilities Managers

• Computer and Information Systems Managers

• Industrial Production Managers

• Construction Managers

• Logisticians

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers

• First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers

Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage the business affairs of non-profit corporations, including foundations, educational institutions, associations, and other such organizations, and public agencies and governmental operations. Includes instruction in business management, principles of public administration, principles of accounting and financial management, human resources management, taxation of non-profit organizations, and business law as applied to non-profit organizations.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Fundraising Managers

• Education Administrators, All Other

• Medical and Health Services Managers

• Social and Community Service Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Financial Specialists, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Customer Service Management.

A program that prepares individuals to supervise and monitor customer service performance and manage frontline customer support services, call centers/help desks, and customer relations. Includes instruction in customer behavior, specialized information technology and systems management, developing and using customer service databases, user surveys and other feedback mechanisms, strategic and performance planning and analysis, operations management, personnel supervision, and communications and marketing skills.

Connected Careers

• Administrative Services Managers

• First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce.

A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, supervise, and market electronic business operations, products, and services provided online via the Internet. Includes instruction in business administration, information technology, information resources management, web design, computer and Internet law and policy, computer privacy and security, e-trading, insurance, electronic marketing, investment capital planning, enterprise operations, personnel supervision, contracting, and product and service networking.

Connected Careers

• Business Operations Specialists, All Other

• First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

• First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

Transportation/Mobility Management.

A program that focuses on the theory, policy, law, and practices required to administrate and operate public transportation facilities, networks, services, and systems. Includes instruction in demand analysis and forecasting, environmental planning, facilities design and construction, geographic information systems (GIS), logistics, multi- and intermodal transportation systems, project management, public administration, public policy, transportation economics, transportation law, transportation operations, transportation systems, and transportation technologies.

Connected Careers

• Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers

Research and Development Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage projects, programs and organizations involving basic and applied research, or specialized technology applications, in the public or private sectors. Includes instruction in all aspects of business management applied to the leadership and control of scientific, clinical, engineering and social scientific enterprises; the management of related operational, security and logistical issues; and technical competence in one or more research disciplines.

Connected Careers

• Medical and Health Services Managers

• Natural Sciences Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Project Management.

A program that prepares individuals to apply quantitative and qualitative knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to manage projects in a wide range of fields and occupations. Includes instruction in project planning, risk management, cost and time management, contracts and procurement, accounting, statistics, decision making, and human resources.

Connected Careers

• Managers, All Other

• Project Management Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Retail Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage the operations of a wide variety of retail businesses, including department stores; independent and chain stores; fashion, food and beverage, and pharmaceutical establishments; and online retail businesses. Includes instruction in retail management, merchandise management, customer service management, marketing, organizational behavior, accounting, finance, business law, and personnel management.

Connected Careers

• General and Operations Managers

• Personal Service Managers, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

Organizational Leadership.

A program that focuses on leadership skills that can be applied to a business, government, non-profit, or educational setting. Includes instruction in organizational planning, dynamics of leadership, finance, team building, conflict resolution and mediation, communication and other management skills.

Connected Careers

• Fundraising Managers

• Human Resources Managers

• Training and Development Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Management Analysts

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Research Administration.

A program designed to prepare formally trained, advanced-level personnel for research administration leadership positions at colleges and universities, government agencies, hospitals, nonprofit agencies, and in industry. Includes instruction in bioethics, biostatistics, ethical, legal and regulatory consideration in clinical investigation, financial analysis, grant writing, managing and monitoring clinical trials, project management, strategic planning, and team building.

Connected Careers

• Education Administrators, Postsecondary

• Medical and Health Services Managers

• Natural Sciences Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Fundraisers

Risk Management.

A program that focuses on the principles of business risk measurement, mitigation, and management. Includes instruction in business analytics, foundations of insurance and risk management, investments, life and health insurance, loss prevention, property and liability insurance risk assessment, risk control, risk financing, and security.

Connected Careers

• General and Operations Managers

• Financial Managers

• Insurance Underwriters

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Actuaries

Science/Technology Management.

A program that prepares individuals to develop science, technical, and business skills required for management of people and systems in technology-based industries, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. Includes instruction in computer applications, general management principles, production and operations management, project management, quality control, safety and health issues, and statistics.

Connected Careers

• Industrial Production Managers

• Architectural and Engineering Managers

• Medical and Health Services Managers

• Natural Sciences Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Project Management Specialists

Business Administration, Management and Operations, Other.

Any instructional program in business and administration not listed above.

Accounting.

A program that prepares individuals to practice the profession of accounting and to perform related business functions. Includes instruction in accounting principles and theory, financial accounting, managerial accounting, cost accounting, budget control, tax accounting, legal aspects of accounting, auditing, reporting procedures, statement analysis, planning and consulting, business information systems, accounting research methods, professional standards and ethics, and applications to specific for-profit, public, and non-profit organizations.

Connected Careers

• Accountants and Auditors

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Budget Analysts

• Credit Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Financial Examiners

• Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents

• Tax Preparers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping.

A program that prepares individuals to provide technical administrative support to professional accountants and other financial management personnel. Includes instruction in posting transactions to accounts, record-keeping systems, accounting software operation, and general accounting principles and practices.

Connected Careers

• Tax Preparers

• Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

• Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

• Brokerage Clerks

• Statistical Assistants

Auditing.

A program that prepares individuals, including certified accountants, to perform independent internal and external appraisals to evaluate organizational financial and operational activities, ensure compliance with laws and policies, safeguard assets, and promote effective planning and resource allocation. Includes instruction in advanced accounting, audit tools and techniques, sampling, risk and control, audit planning, audit function management, law and regulations, environmental auditing, information technology applications, professional standards and ethics, and specific industry and service sector problems.

Connected Careers

• Accountants and Auditors

• Financial Examiners

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Accounting and Finance.

An integrated or combined program in accounting and finance that prepares individuals to function as accountants and financial managers or analysts.

Connected Careers

• Financial Managers

• Accountants and Auditors

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Budget Analysts

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Accounting and Business/Management.

An integrated or combined program in accounting and business administration/management that prepares individuals to function as accountants and business managers.

Connected Careers

• Financial Managers

• Accountants and Auditors

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Accounting and Related Services, Other.

Any instructional program in accounting not listed above.

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, General.

A program that generally prepares individuals to perform the duties of administrative assistants and/or secretaries and stenographers. Includes instruction in business communications, principles of business law, word processing and data entry, office machines operation and maintenance, office procedures, public relations, secretarial accounting, filing systems and records management, and report preparation.

Connected Careers

• First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

• Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

• Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

• Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary.

A program that prepares individuals to perform the duties of special assistants and/or personal secretaries for business executives and top management. Includes instruction in business communications, principles of business law, public relations, scheduling and travel management, secretarial accounting, filing systems and records management, conference and meeting recording, report preparation, office equipment and procedures, office supervisory skills, and professional standards and legal requirements.

Connected Careers

• First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

• Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

• Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

Receptionist.

A program that prepares individuals to perform frontline public relations duties for a business, organization, or answering service. Includes instruction in telephone answering techniques, responding to information requests, keeping caller and/or visitor records, placing business calls, operating telephone switchboards and/or other communications equipment, relaying incoming and interoffice calls, schedule maintenance, and public relations skills.

Connected Careers

• Customer Service Representatives

• Order Clerks

• Receptionists and Information Clerks

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry.

A program that prepares individuals to support business information operations by using computer equipment to enter, process, and retrieve data for a wide variety of administrative purposes. Includes instruction in using basic business software and hardware, business computer networking, principles of desktop publishing, preparing mass mailings, compiling and editing spreadsheets, list maintenance, preparing tables and graphs, receipt control, and preparing business performance reports.

Connected Careers

• Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

• Data Entry Keyers

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services.

A program that prepares individuals to provide basic administrative support under the supervision of office managers, administrative assistants, secretaries, and other office personnel. Includes instruction in typing, keyboarding, filing, general business correspondence, office equipment operation, and communications skills.

Connected Careers

• Procurement Clerks

• Correspondence Clerks

• File Clerks

• Order Clerks

• Cargo and Freight Agents

• Word Processors and Typists

• Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks

• Office Clerks, General

Parts, Warehousing, and Inventory Management Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to provide administrative, technical, and managerial support in the operation of warehouses, control of inventory, parts identification, and the performance of counter services for customers. Includes instruction in record-keeping, equipment operation, database entry, supply logistics, shop operations and math, and customer and supplier relations.

Connected Careers

• Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks

Traffic, Customs, and Transportation Clerk/Technician.

A program that prepares individuals to perform duties associated with managing revenue-based customs, traffic, or transportation services, such as control of domestic and international traffic, toll roads and waterways, and to assist in the dispatch and control of fleet-based traffic for businesses and public services. Includes instruction in record-keeping; preparation of customs and transportation documentation; operation of communications equipment; basic transportation operations management; tariffs, rates and fares; revenue collection and change-making; and interpretation of customs or transportation regulations and related legislation, policies, and procedures.

Connected Careers

• Cargo and Freight Agents

• Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance

Customer Service Support/Call Center/Teleservice Operation.

A program that prepares individuals to assist customers with inquiries and problems in frontline call centers, help desks, teleservice centers, and online. Includes instruction in user interfaces and user behavior, principles of hardware and software systems operation, customer interaction skills, telephone and e-mailing skills, data entry, and database and Internet searching and retrieval.

Connected Careers

• Customer Service Representatives

• Order Clerks

Business Operations Support and Secretarial Services, Other.

Any instructional program in administrative and secretarial services not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Business Operations Specialists, All Other

Business/Corporate Communications, General.

A program that prepares individuals to function in an organization as a composer, editor, and proofreader of business or business-related communications.

Connected Careers

• Public Relations Managers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Communications Teachers, Postsecondary

• Public Relations Specialists

• Editors

• Technical Writers

• Writers and Authors

• Proofreaders and Copy Markers

Grantsmanship.

A program that prepares individuals to develop and write grant proposals to support an organization or cause. Includes instruction in identifying grant opportunities, developing an effective proposal, budget justifications, and developing a working relationship with the funder.

Connected Careers

• Fundraising Managers

• Fundraisers

• Editors

• Technical Writers

Business/Corporate Communications, Other.

Any program in business or corporate communications not included above.

Connected Careers

• Public Relations Managers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Communications Teachers, Postsecondary

• Public Relations Specialists

• Editors

• Technical Writers

• Writers and Authors

Business/Managerial Economics.

A program that focuses on the application of economics principles to the analysis of the organization and operation of business enterprises. Includes instruction in monetary theory, banking and financial systems, theory of competition, pricing theory, wage and salary/incentive theory, analysis of markets, and applications of econometrics and quantitative methods to the study of particular businesses and business problems.

Connected Careers

• Management Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Economists

• Survey Researchers

• Economics Teachers, Postsecondary

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies.

A program that generally prepares individuals to perform development, marketing and management functions associated with owning and operating a business.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Franchising and Franchise Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to manage and operate franchises. Includes instruction in legal requirements, set-up costs and capitalization requirements, financing, and applications to specific franchise opportunities.

Connected Careers

• Managers, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Small Business Administration/Management.

A program that prepares individuals to develop and manage independent small businesses. Includes instruction in business administration; enterprise planning and entrepreneurship; start-up; small business operations and problems; personnel supervision; capitalization and investment; taxation; business law and regulations; e-commerce; home business operations; and applications to specific sectors, products, and services.

Connected Careers

• Personal Service Managers, All Other

• Managers, All Other

Social Entrepreneurship.

A program that focuses on blending entrepreneurial ideas and management skills for issue advocacy and social change. Includes instruction in philanthropy, business modeling, design, entrepreneurship, finance, investing, resource management, project management, prototype development, and marketing.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Managers, All Other

Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations, Other.

Any instructional program in enterprise management and entrepreneurship not listed above.

Finance, General.

A program that generally prepares individuals to plan, manage, and analyze the financial and monetary aspects and performance of business enterprises, banking institutions, or other organizations. Includes instruction in principles of accounting, financial instruments, capital planning, funds acquisition, asset and debt management, budgeting, financial analysis, and investments and portfolio management.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Financial Managers

• Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Budget Analysts

• Credit Analysts

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Personal Financial Advisors

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Loan Officers

• Financial Specialists, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Banking and Financial Support Services.

A program that prepares individuals to perform a wide variety of customer services in banks, insurance agencies, savings and loan companies, and related enterprises. Includes instruction in communications and public relations skills, business equipment operation, and technical skills applicable to the methods and operations of specific financial or insurance services.

Connected Careers

• Credit Counselors

• Bill and Account Collectors

• Tellers

• Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks

• Loan Interviewers and Clerks

• New Accounts Clerks

Financial Planning and Services.

A program that prepares individuals to plan and manage the financial interests and growth of individuals and institutions. Includes instruction in portfolio management, investment management, estate planning, insurance, tax planning, strategic investing and planning, financial consulting services, and client relations.

Connected Careers

• Personal Financial Advisors

• Credit Counselors

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

International Finance.

A program that prepares individuals to manage international financial operations and related currency transactions. Includes instruction in international banking, international monetary and financial policy, money and capital markets, foreign exchange, risk analysis, and international cash flow operations.

Connected Careers

• Financial Managers

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Investments and Securities.

A program that prepares individuals to manage assets placed in capital markets, and related technical operations. Includes instruction in security analysis, debt and equity analysis, investment strategies, securities markets, computer-assisted research, portfolio management, portfolio performance analysis, and applications to specific investment problems and business situations.

Connected Careers

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

Public Finance.

A program that prepares individuals to manage the financial assets and budgets of public sector organizations. Includes instruction in public trusts and investments; the laws and procedures used to plan, prepare and administer public agency budgets; and the preparation and analysis of public budget projections and policies.

Connected Careers

• Financial Managers

• Budget Analysts

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Credit Management.

A program that prepares individuals to perform and/or manage operations concerning personal and corporate credit, collateral, loan processing, and related financial agency communications. Includes instruction in general finance and banking principles, insurance, real estate, taxation, business law and regulations, quantitative methods, financial computer systems applications, database management, communications skills, business and office management, and professional standards and ethics.

Connected Careers

• Financial Managers

• Credit Analysts

• Credit Counselors

• Loan Officers

Financial Risk Management.

A program that focuses on the strategies used to define and manage acceptable financial risk for companies. Includes instruction in banking and bank regulations, derivative securities, interest rate and credit markets, financial engineering of systematic risk, and equity, bond, futures, and options markets.

Connected Careers

• General and Operations Managers

• Financial Managers

• Credit Analysts

• Financial and Investment Analysts

• Insurance Underwriters

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Finance and Financial Management Services, Other.

Any instructional program in financial management and services not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Financial Managers

Hospitality Administration/Management, General.

A program that prepares individuals to serve as general managers and directors of hospitality operations on a system-wide basis, including both travel arrangements and promotion and the provision of traveler facilities. Includes instruction in principles of operations in the travel and tourism, hotel and lodging facilities, food services, and recreation facilities industries; hospitality marketing strategies; hospitality planning; management and coordination of franchise and unit operations; business management; accounting and financial management; hospitality transportation and logistics; and hospitality industry policies and regulations.

Connected Careers

• Food Service Managers

• Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling

• Lodging Managers

• Personal Service Managers, All Other

Tourism and Travel Services Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage travel-related enterprises and related convention and/or tour services. Includes instruction in travel agency management, tour arranging and planning, convention and event planning, travel industry operations and procedures, tourism marketing and promotion strategies, travel counseling, travel industry law, international and domestic operations, and travel and tourism policy.

Connected Careers

• Personal Service Managers, All Other

• Managers, All Other

• Travel Guides

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage operations and facilities that provide lodging services to the traveling public. Includes instruction in hospitality industry principles; supplies purchasing, storage and control; hotel facilities design and planning; hospitality industry law; personnel management and labor relations; financial management; marketing and sales promotion; convention and event management; front desk operations; and applications to specific types of hotels and motel operations.

Connected Careers

• Facilities Managers

• Food Service Managers

• Lodging Managers

• Business Operations Specialists, All Other

Restaurant/Food Services Management.

A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and market restaurants, food services in hospitality establishments, food service chains and franchise networks, and restaurant supply operations. Includes instruction in hospitality administration, food services management, wholesale logistics and distribution, franchise operations, business networking, personnel management, culinary arts, business planning and capitalization, food industry operations, marketing and retailing, business law and regulations, finance, and professional standards and ethics.

Connected Careers

• Food Service Managers

• Lodging Managers

Resort Management.

A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and market comprehensive vacation facilities and services and related products. Includes instruction in hospitality administration, hotel/motel management, restaurant and food services management, facilities planning, leisure studies, recreation administration, marketing, recreation equipment and grounds operations and maintenance, business finance, insurance and taxation, event management and guest services, personnel management, travel and logistics management, safety and health services, professional standards and ethics, and applications to specific vacation types and locations.

Connected Careers

• Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling

• Lodging Managers

Meeting and Event Planning.

A program that prepares individuals to plan, budget, and implement conferences, meetings, and other special events in the public or private sectors. Includes instruction in principles of meeting and event planning; special event management; budgets and finance; site selection; contracts, vendors, and negotiations; marketing and promotions; food and beverage management; audio-visual basics and meeting technology; and hospitality law.

Connected Careers

• Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners

Casino Management.

A program that prepares individuals to manage casinos and gaming establishments. Includes instruction in business and financial management; casino operations; casino security and surveillance; hospitality, facilities, and personnel management; and principles of the gaming industry, ethics, and gaming law.

Connected Careers

• Gambling Managers

• First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers

Hotel, Motel, and Restaurant Management.

An instructional program that prepares individuals to manage operations and facilities that provide food and/or lodging services to the traveling public. Includes instruction in hospitality industry principles; supplies purchasing, storage, and control; hotel and restaurant facilities design and planning; hospitality industry law; personnel management and labor relations; financial management; facilities management; marketing and sale promotion strategies; convention and event management; front desk operations; and applications to specific types of hotel, motel, and/or restaurant operations. Note: this program was re-instated after being deleted from CIP 2000; previously, it was coded as 52.0902.

Connected Careers

• Food Service Managers

• Lodging Managers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Brewery/Brewpub Operations/Management.

A program that prepares individuals to plan, manage, and market breweries and brewpubs. Includes instruction in brewing science, food services management, logistics and distribution, business networking, personnel management, business planning and capitalization, brewing industry operations, marketing, alcohol and liquor law and regulations, finance, and ethics.

Connected Careers

• Food Service Managers

Hospitality Administration/Management, Other.

Any instructional program in hospitality service management not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Food Service Managers

• Lodging Managers

• Managers, All Other

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, General.

A program that generally prepares individuals to manage the development of human capital in organizations, and to provide related services to individuals and groups. Includes instruction in personnel and organization policy, human resource dynamics and flows, labor relations, sex roles, civil rights, human resources law and regulations, motivation and compensation systems, work systems, career management, employee testing and assessment, recruitment and selection, managing employee and job training programs, and the management of human resources programs and operations.

Connected Careers

• Compensation and Benefits Managers

• Human Resources Managers

• Training and Development Managers

• Compliance Officers

• Human Resources Specialists

• Labor Relations Specialists

• Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

• Training and Development Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

Labor and Industrial Relations.

A program that focuses on employee-management interactions and the management of issues and disputes regarding working conditions and worker benefit packages, and that may prepare individuals to function as labor or personnel relations specialists. Includes instruction in labor history, policies and strategies of the labor movement, union organization, labor-management negotiation, labor law and contract interpretation, labor economics, welfare and benefit packages, grievance procedures, and labor policy studies.

Connected Careers

• Compensation and Benefits Managers

• Human Resources Managers

• Compliance Officers

• Labor Relations Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Law Teachers, Postsecondary

Organizational Behavior Studies.

A program that focuses on the scientific study of the behavior and motivations of individuals functioning in organized groups, and its application to business and industrial settings. Includes instruction in organization theory, industrial and organizational psychology, social psychology, sociology of organizations, reinforcement and incentive theory, employee relations strategies, organizational power and influence, organization stratification and hierarchy, leadership styles, and applications of operations research and other methodologies to organizational analysis.

Connected Careers

• Compensation and Benefits Managers

• Human Resources Managers

• Training and Development Managers

• Human Resources Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Labor Studies.

A program that focuses on the study of various aspects of work, labor organization and policy, and labor movements from the perspective of the social sciences and history. Includes instruction in labor history; political and ideological issues; worker movements and social organizations; civil rights; labor law and policy studies; labor economics; international and comparative labor studies; and applications to specific industries, groups, locations, and time periods.

Connected Careers

• Human Resources Managers

• Labor Relations Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Human Resources Development.

A program that prepares individuals to apply integrated training, organizational development, and career planning and counseling skills to the design, management, and evaluation of programs to improve individual productivity, employability, and job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. Includes instruction in psychology; organizational behavior; principles of adult education; occupational counseling; skill testing and evaluation; program design; consulting practice; organizational development; and applications to issues such as training, management development, customer service, and total quality management.

Connected Careers

• Training and Development Specialists

Executive/Career Coaching.

A program of study that focuses on assisting individuals achieve career goals or assisting business leaders achieve organizational change. Includes instruction in executive coaching, group dynamics, leadership, management, organizational behavior, organizational communication, and team building.

Connected Careers

• Human Resources Managers

• Training and Development Managers

• Human Resources Specialists

• Training and Development Specialists

• Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors

• Counselors, All Other

Human Resources Management and Services, Other.

Any instructional program in human resources management not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Human Resources Specialists

• Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

International Business/Trade/Commerce.

A program that prepares individuals to manage international businesses and/or business operations. Includes instruction in the principles and processes of export sales, trade controls, foreign operations and related problems, monetary issues, international business policy, and applications to doing business in specific countries and markets.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Business Operations Specialists, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Management Information Systems, General.

A program that generally prepares individuals to provide and manage data systems and related facilities for processing and retrieving internal business information; select systems and train personnel; and respond to external data requests. Includes instruction in cost and accounting information systems, management control systems, personnel information systems, data storage and security, business systems networking, report preparation, computer facilities and equipment operation and maintenance, operator supervision and training, and management information systems policy and planning.

Connected Careers

• Computer and Information Systems Managers

• Database Architects

• Computer Programmers

• Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Information Resources Management.

A program that prepares individuals to apply principles of information technology, computer systems management, and business operations to the planning, management, and evaluation of information services in organizations. Includes instruction in telecommunications, systems planning and integration, information policy, information security, contracting and purchasing, budgeting, information technology, operations management, human resources, communications skills, and applicable law and regulations.

Connected Careers

• Computer and Information Systems Managers

• Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Knowledge Management.

A program that focuses on the study of knowledge management in government agencies and corporations for the purpose of supporting stated organizational goals and objectives, and prepares individuals to function as information resource managers. Includes instruction in information technology, principles of computer and information systems, management information systems, applicable policy and regulations, and operations and personnel management.

Connected Careers

• Computer and Information Systems Managers

• Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Management Information Systems and Services, Other.

Any program in business information and data processing services not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Computer and Information Systems Managers

• Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Management Science.

A general program that focuses on the application of statistical modeling, data warehousing, data mining, programming, forecasting and operations research techniques to the analysis of problems of business organization and performance. Includes instruction in optimization theory and mathematical techniques, data mining, data warehousing, stochastic and dynamic modeling, operations analysis, and the design and testing of prototype systems and evaluation models.

Connected Careers

• Chief Executives

• General and Operations Managers

• Management Analysts

• Operations Research Analysts

• Data Scientists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Business Statistics.

A program that focuses on the application of mathematical statistics to the description, analysis, and forecasting of business data. Includes instruction in statistical theory and methods, computer applications, data analysis and display, long- and short-term forecasting methods, and market performance analysis.

Connected Careers

• Statisticians

• Data Scientists

• Survey Researchers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary

Actuarial Science.

A program that focuses on the mathematical and statistical analysis of risk, and their applications to insurance and other business management problems. Includes instruction in forecasting theory, quantitative and non-quantitative risk measurement methodologies, development of risk tables, secondary data analysis, and computer-assisted research methods.

Connected Careers

• Insurance Underwriters

• Financial Risk Specialists

• Actuaries

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods, Other.

Any instructional program in business quantitative methods and management science not listed above.

Marketing/Marketing Management, General.

A program that generally prepares individuals to undertake and manage the process of developing consumer audiences and moving products from producers to consumers. Includes instruction in buyer behavior and dynamics, principle of marketing research, demand analysis, cost-volume and profit relationships, pricing theory, marketing campaign and strategic planning, market segments, advertising methods, sales operations and management, consumer relations, retailing, and applications to specific products and markets.

Connected Careers

• Advertising and Promotions Managers

• Marketing Managers

• Sales Managers

• Fundraising Managers

• Fundraisers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Marketing Research.

A program that prepares individuals to provide analytical descriptions of consumer behavior patterns and market environments to marketing managers and other business decision-makers. Includes instruction in survey research methods, research design, new product test marketing, exploratory marketing, consumer needs and preferences analysis, geographic analysis, and applications to specific products and markets.

Connected Careers

• Marketing Managers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Survey Researchers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

International Marketing.

A program that prepares individuals to perform marketing activities in enterprises primarily engaged in exporting or importing goods and services in world markets. Includes instruction in international trade controls, foreign trade operations, locating markets, negotiation practices, monetary issues, and international public relations.

Connected Careers

• Marketing Managers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Digital Marketing.

A program that prepares individuals to develop a digital marketing plan and integrate marketing, advertising, sales, and logistics across physical and digital channels. Includes instruction in digital marketing, e-commerce, online consumer psychology, search engine optimization, social media marketing, and web analytics.

Connected Careers

• Marketing Managers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Web and Digital Interface Designers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Marketing, Other.

Any instructional program in general marketing and marketing research not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Marketing Managers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Real Estate.

A program that prepares individuals to develop, buy, sell, appraise, and manage real estate. Includes instruction in land use development policy, real estate law, real estate marketing procedures, agency management, brokerage, property inspection and appraisal, real estate investing, leased and rental properties, commercial real estate, and property management.

Connected Careers

• Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate

• Real Estate Brokers

• Real Estate Sales Agents

Taxation.

A program that prepares individuals to provide tax advice and management services to individuals and corporations. Includes instruction in tax law and regulations, tax record systems, individual and corporate income taxation, tax planning, partnerships and fiduciary relationships, estates and trusts, property depreciation, capital gains and losses, dispositions, transfers, liquidity, valuation, and applications to specific tax problems.

Connected Careers

• Accountants and Auditors

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Financial Examiners

• Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents

• Tax Preparers

Insurance.

A program that prepares individuals to manage risk in organizational settings and provide insurance and risk-aversion services to businesses, individuals, and other organizations. Includes instruction in casualty insurance and general liability, property insurance, employee benefits, social and health insurance, loss adjustment, underwriting, risk theory, and pension planning.

Connected Careers

• Compensation and Benefits Managers

• Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators

• Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage

• Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

• Appraisers of Personal and Business Property

• Insurance Underwriters

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Insurance Sales Agents

Sales, Distribution, and Marketing Operations, General.

A program that focuses on the general process and techniques of direct wholesale and retail buying and selling operations and introduces individuals to related careers. Includes instruction in the principles of entrepreneurial economics, basic sales skills, the distribution channels for goods and services, and supervised practical application experiences.

Connected Careers

• Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

• Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

• Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Merchandising and Buying Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to function as professional buyers of resale products and product lines for stores, chains, and other retail enterprises. Includes instruction in product evaluation, merchandising, applicable aspects of brand and consumer research, principles of purchasing, and negotiation skills.

Connected Careers

• Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

Retailing and Retail Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to perform operations associated with retail sales in a variety of settings. Includes instruction in over-the-counter and other direct sales operations in business settings, basic bookkeeping principles, customer service, team/staff leadership and supervision, floor management, and applicable technical skills.

Connected Careers

• First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

• Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel

• Demonstrators and Product Promoters

• Sales and Related Workers, All Other

Selling Skills and Sales Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to possess the skills associated with direct promotion of products and services to potential customers and to function as independent sales representatives and managers. Includes instruction in consumer psychology, image projection, public speaking and interpersonal communications, sales organization and operations, customer relations, professional standards and ethics, and applicable technical skills.

Connected Careers

• First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

• First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

• Parts Salespersons

• Advertising Sales Agents

• Travel Agents

• Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel

• Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products

• Sales and Related Workers, All Other

General Merchandising, Sales, and Related Marketing Operations, Other.

Any instructional program in merchandising, sales, and related marketing operations not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

• Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products

• First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

• First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

• Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Auctioneering.

A program that prepares individuals for professional careers as auctioneers and auction managers, and for meeting applicable state licensing requirements. Includes instruction in bid calling, public speaking, ringworking, auction techniques, salesmanship skills, auction clerking and cashiering, auction advertising, working independently or with auction houses, contracts and agency, applicable sales law, and managing both general auctions and auctions specializing in commodities such as antiques, consignments, farm equipment, industrial equipment, real estate, livestock, and automobiles.

Connected Careers

• Sales and Related Workers, All Other

Fashion Merchandising.

A program that prepares individuals to promote product lines/brands, and organize promotional campaigns, at the wholesale level to attract retailer interest, wholesale purchasing, and supply contracts. Includes instruction in wholesaling, wholesale advertising, selling, and customer relations.

Connected Careers

• Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

• Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Fashion Modeling.

A program that prepares individuals to present and display fashion, apparel, and accessories products in wholesale and retail settings, either on the person or via props and natural or artificial settings. Includes instruction in modeling skills, health and cosmetic principles, fashion show management, display design and production, and applicable aspects of advertising and fashion photography.

Connected Careers

• Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers

• Models

Apparel and Accessories Marketing Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to perform operations connected with the distribution and sale of apparel and accessories. Includes instruction in wholesaling and retailing, apparel technologies, distribution, customer sales and service skills, and principles of consumer research and sales forecasting.

Connected Careers

• Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Tourism and Travel Services Marketing Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to provide direct retail services to hotel and motel clients and customers in a variety of settings. Includes instruction in the principles of hotel/motel operations, customer sales and assistance operations and techniques, telephone operations, and basic office management.

Connected Careers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Travel Agents

Tourism Promotion Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to perform marketing and sales operations connected with the promotion of tourism in public and private sector settings. Includes instruction in principles of marketing research and advertising, promotional campaign organization, media relations, and applicable technical and administrative skills.

Connected Careers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

Vehicle and Vehicle Parts and Accessories Marketing Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to perform operations connected with the distribution and sale of replacement parts and other end-use supplies in the automotive, marine, and aviation industries. Includes instruction in wholesaling and retailing, principles of vehicular technologies, storage and distribution, customer sales and service skills, and principles of consumer research and sales forecasting.

Connected Careers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Parts Salespersons

Business and Personal/Financial Services Marketing Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to perform marketing and operational tasks associated with the provision of personal and financial services. Includes instruction in banking, marketing research, advertising, promotional campaign organization, insurance, media relations, and applicable technical and administrative skills.

Connected Careers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

Special Products Marketing Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to perform marketing and sales operations connected with the promotion of special products, including floristry, food, and home and office products. Includes instruction in principles of marketing research and advertising, promotional campaign organization, media relations, and applicable technical and administrative skills.

Connected Careers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

• First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

• First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

• Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

• Sales and Related Workers, All Other

Hospitality and Recreation Marketing Operations.

A program that prepares individuals to provide marketing services in the hospitality and leisure fields. Includes instruction in hospitality operations, customer sales and assistance operations and techniques, telephone operations, basic office management, retail sports, recreation equipment, food and beverage.

Connected Careers

• Marketing Managers

• Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

Specialized Merchandising, Sales, and Marketing Operations, Other.

Any instructional program in sales, marketing, and distribution operations not listed above.

Construction Management, General.

A program that prepares individuals to manage, coordinate, and supervise the construction process. Includes instruction in commercial, residential, mechanical, highway/heavy civil, electrical, environmental, industrial, and specialty construction; facilities management; budgeting and cost control; logistics and materials management; organization and scheduling; personnel management and labor relations; site safety; construction contracting; construction processes and techniques; and applicable codes and regulations.

Connected Careers

• Construction Managers

Construction Project Management.

A program that prepares individuals to apply project management knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques in the construction and facility management industries. Includes instruction in facilities operations and maintenance, construction estimating, OSHA standards, sustainability, drafting, construction plans, project planning, risk management, cost and time management, contracts and procurement, accounting, statistics, decision making, and human resources.

Connected Careers

• Construction Managers

• Project Management Specialists

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Construction Management, Other.

Any program in construction management not listed above.

Connected Careers

• Construction Managers

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Telecommunications Management.

A program that prepares individuals to apply business skills to design, implement, and manage the voice, video, and data networking systems of organizations. Includes instruction in telecommunications concepts and technologies, network operations and management, wireless communications and mobile computing, cybersecurity, regulation and public policy, business practices and management, and written and oral communications.

Connected Careers

• Computer and Information Systems Managers

• Managers, All Other

• Business Teachers, Postsecondary

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Other.

Any instructional program in business, management, marketing and related support services not listed above.